{"id":3549,"date":"2026-08-19T16:30:50","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T13:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranbri.com\/?p=3549"},"modified":"2026-08-19T16:40:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T13:10:47","slug":"%e4%b8%ad%e7%be%8e%e5%8d%9a%e5%bc%88%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%8a%e6%9c%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iranbri.com\/zh-hans\/%e4%b8%ad%e7%be%8e%e5%8d%9a%e5%bc%88%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%8a%e6%9c%97\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u7f8e\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u7684\u4f0a\u6717"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\">Meysam Baharloo<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"\">Amir Mohammad Esmaeili<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span 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class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\">\u5730\u56fe3. \u4e03\u4e2a\u53cd\u9738\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e2d\u7f8e\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u5de9\u56fa\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u904f\u5236\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u4e00\u518d\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u70b9\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u6797\u8d5b\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\u5384\u59c6\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c31%\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u50a8\u5907\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u50a8\u5907\u768431%\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5669\u68a6\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8a00\u8bba\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f0a\u6717\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u6885\u5c14\u00b7\u5df4\u5361\u4f0a\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u65f6\u523b\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5173\u4e4e\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u767d\u5bab\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0X\u4e0a\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cK. T. \u9ea6\u514b\u6cd5\u5170\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u6298\u6263\u4ef7\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d7\u5236\u88c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u2014\u2014\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u5176\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6210\u529f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u5bf9\u5176\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u6298\u6263\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\u9762\u4e34\u91cd\u5927\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8fdb\u53e3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u80fd\u6e90\u4ea7\u80fd\uff08\u6309\u6298\u6263\u4ef7\uff09\uff0c\u4ecd\u5c06\u88ab\u8feb\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7279\u6717\u666e\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u547c\u5401\u63a8\u7ffb\u9a6c\u675c\u7f57\u540e\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u56fd\u60f3\u8d2d\u4e70\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\">\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5730\u7406\u904f\u5236\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u52302035\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5c06\u8d85\u8fc7\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u6d77\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u987e\u95ee\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5f17\u6797\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u5c06\u5de9\u56fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u6269\u5927\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e1c\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f0a\u6717\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u8fed\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u524a\u5f31\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9ea6\u91d1\u5fb7\u548c\u65af\u76ae\u514b\u66fc\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u5730\u7406\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u963b\u788d\u4e2d\u56fd\u589e\u5f3a\u5168\u7403\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\">A) \u8fdb\u5165\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u4e9a\u548c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"\">\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5317\u534a\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u901a\u5f80\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5185\u9646\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u7406\u548c\u6587\u660e\u901a\u9053\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u533a\u57df\u5185\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u533a\u57df\uff08\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u5c06\u4ece\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u7ed3\u76df\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\">B) \u63a7\u5236\u548c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u81f3\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"\">\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5357\u534a\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d77\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\uff08\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u8fd0\u8f93\u8def\u7ebf\u548c\u54bd\u5589\u8981\u9053\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u970d\u5c14\u6728\u5179\u6d77\u5ce1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u80fd\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\u7f72\uff08EIA\uff09\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u7ea6\u67091420\u4e07\u6876\u539f\u6cb9\u548c\u989d\u5916\u7684590\u4e07\u6876\u77f3\u6cb9\u4ea7\u54c1\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u6d77\u5ce1\u2014\u2014\u7ea6\u5360\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u5ea6\u5168\u7403\u77f3\u6cb9\u603b\u4ea7\u91cf\u768420%\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u970d\u5c14\u6728\u5179\u6d77\u5ce1\u5c06\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6218\u7565\u6027\u5730\u7834\u574f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u4e0b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u74dc\u8fbe\u5c14\u6e2f\u548c\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u7ed5\u8fc7\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u6d77\u5ce1\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\">\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5728\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u5317\u975e\u7684\u9738\u6743\u6027\u519b\u4e8b-\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u533a\u57df\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff09\u5c06\u4e0d\u60dc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5207\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u7f8e\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u4f0a\u6717\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u897f\u90e8\u5b89\u5168\u5899\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5206\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u904f\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u63a8\u8fdb\u201c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7f8e\u5143\u201d\u79e9\u5e8f\u9879\u76ee\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7a7a\u4e2d\u548c\u6d77\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u548c\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u9047\u5e76\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u5408\u4f5c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u671f\u671b\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span 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class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span 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